Machiavelli And Humanism - 930 Words

While the moral codes of Humanism and Catholicism consider being deceitful to be wrong, from an amoral perspective, betrayal is unavoidable and comes with its own set of benefits. This is Machiavelli’s view in his 1513 work The Prince, in which he details the complexities of gaining and maintaining political power to his Italian statesman Lorenzo de’ Medici, from whom he hopes to regain a political position after shifts in the unstable Florentine republic. Machiavelli argues that people, particularly political leaders, should have flexible moral codes so that they can bend them when necessary. For him, betraying allies or betraying one’s own beliefs is acceptable, even beneficial, because it aids in making tough political decisions to†¦show more content†¦Despite Machiavelli’s tongue-in-cheek perspective, his intentions in writing The Prince exemplify the two-faced nature of mankind. During political upset in Florence, the ruling family betrays Ma chiavelli himself by temporarily jailing him for treason, stripping him of his political position, and banishing him. Yet unlike Dante, who is more personally affected by his exile, Machiavelli sees Medici family’s return to power as an opportunity to regain his own position, which is why he hopes to impress Lorenzo with The Prince. For him, betrayal is more expected under the circumstances, and so he hopes to play them at their own game. By feigning loyalty and kissing up to Lorenzo, Machiavelli improves his chances of obtaining power, even though he likely doesn’t believe everything he’s saying. For him, his true intentions or beliefs don’t matter—like with religion and betrayal, his deceitfulness is a useful political tool in a world of deceitful men. With the sixteenth-century Florentine power struggle and religious tension, it was difficult for anyone to find stability. While Machiavelli experienced treachery firsthand through being banned fro m Florence, many Florentines could relate to a general lack of loyalty. During a time of political turmoil, aspiring leaders would have to hurt people in the process of gainingShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Renaissance Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesarose and was called Humanism, and what humanism is, is an ideology where humans can lead themselves to create a prosperous life and instead of leaning on supernatural forces for answers. Humanists believe that humans have enough logic to create conclusions themselves. This brand-new way of thinking caused a lot of controversy because it did question God’s ability and the church’s power, but the ideas behind it are still heavily used today, even in the 21st century. Humanism in the early RenaissanceRead MoreSir Thomas More s Utopia And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1454 Words   |  6 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli was an Italian civic humanist, historian, diplomat, philosopher, politician, and writer during the Renaissanc e. He applied the values of the Renaissance to his political treatise, The Prince. Sir Thomas was an English lawyer, philosopher, statesman, and humanist during the Renaissance. He employed the ideals of the Renaissance to his Latin dialogue, Utopia. Both The Prince and Utopia reflect the ideals of the Renaissance through their promotion of education, humanism, and reformRead MoreThe Renaissance Prince Essay853 Words   |  4 Pageswould still have a hand in government. It would no longer shun the vast stores of knowledge created in the past and ignored for a thousand years, although opponents would remain. The ideas of humanism, individualism, and secularism would come to play a role in society as they had in the past. Niccolo Machiavelli lived in a time when the Renaissance was at its peak, and, as a part of it, manifested its ideas in his works. His most famous piece, The Prince, used the principles of the Renaissance toRead MoreNiccolo Machiavellis Change In The Scientific Revolution And Secularism Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Greco-Roman world, as well as the secularism and humanism movements, many began questioning the world around them through science and philosophy. Western thought throughout this period placed a major emphasis on the natural rights of the individual, science, and economic liberalism. Machiavelli’s major contributions to political science are his ideas on secularization, absolutism, and utilitarianism. The Renaissance ideas of realism, humanism, and secularism would have an everlasting effect onRead MoreHumanism : Renaissance And Renaissance Thought955 Words   |  4 PagesSTANFORD MARQUIS HU 141 Humanism in Renaissance Thought The word ‘Renaissance’ is French for ‘Rebirth’. The Renaissance is a period in European history which signifies the rebirth of classical learning and rediscovery. The best possible way to get a grasp about what the Renaissance was all about is to compare it to a previous age. The middle ages for example, could be defined as a spiritual age. In contrast, the Renaissance was a secular age which was more man-centered rather than God-centeredRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Prince And Julius Caesar1317 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical tragedy ‘Julius Caesar’ (1599). The values and attitudes of these two texts anticipated responders and influenced purpose, form and content such as the darker aspects of humanism, the changeless nature of man, and the fickle nature of people. Machiavelli’s text ‘The Prince’ mirrors the darker aspects of humanism – man is essentially corrupt, self-serving and deceptive . His intended responders were a select of people in power and of educated elite, in particular Lorenzo de Medici. Machiavelli’sRead MoreThe Classical Greek And Roman Education1256 Words   |  6 Pageseducation and wisdom which many believed were lost to the Middle Ages. Italian scholars believed the middle ages to be a dark time, a time considered a period of stagnation in which education, literature, and the arts did not progress and declined. Humanism was the intellectual movement of the Renaissance period, in which individuals concentrated on life in the present rather than life after death. Two major works from the period of the Renaissance, at different ends of the spectrum, illustrated thisRead MoreMachiavelli’s Political Ideas and Influence1477 Words   |  6 PagesRoman eras. One social ideal of the Renaissance was Humanism. Humanism was a Renaissance idea that emphasis human potential and ability. A political idea from the Renaissance was political realism. Political realism is when a ruler accomplishes goals in the interest of state and does not mind resorting to violence if necessary. A major author and political figure from the Renaissance who embodied political realism was Niccolo Machiavelli. Machiavelli was a Florentine born in 1469 and lived during theRead MoreThe Renaissance Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant tribute to their respective religion. Thus, it can be safely concluded that religion and politics were interwoven in Medieval period. The Renaissance, however, represented a dramatic transformation from the Medieval outlook. Secularism humanism and individualism were three aspects of life that appeared in the Renaissance and each of those three aspects had a great impact on the socio-economic and political structure of the era. During the Renaissance, the concept of individualismRead MoreThe Emergence Of Italian Nationalism1346 Words   |  6 Pagescenters of wealth and creativity. A new intellectual approach was taken to the way of thinking: humanism. Humanism challenged the previous mindset of Christians, and aided in the desire for liberty and unification of the Italian state. The concept of humanism began early on in the 14th century, and it focused on humankind as a center of intellectual and artistic endeavors. Considered â€Å"The Father of Humanism,†2 Petrarch holds a permanent place in literature as a humanist writer during the Renaissance

Arthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman - 1373 Words

The American In Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, the main character is Willy Loman a lifelong traveling salesman. Willy is in his early sixties and there is no doubt he has had a long life with the occupation he chose for himself some years ago. It seems as if Willy is doing well for himself as well as his family from any outsider, however, what happens behind the scenes is a completely different story. Constantly borrowing from a fellow friend Willy finds himself in a black hole of debt. Arthur Miller’s given situation of Willy Loman’s life is somewhat of an ugly truth to many people around the world. Everyday life for people seems normal for most people, however, the world population goes through problems just as Willy did throughout the play. From fighting for what is considered the American dream, trying to live up to a more successful person, losing a job or even being in debt. The ugly truth Arthur Miller defines throughout the play can be compared several different ways when it comes to Willy Loman’s life. For instance, one theme throughout the story is the American dream. It is the one thing that all people wish to have. The American dream can be things such as â€Å"buying a home, getting married, having children, getting a college degree and retiring† (Kane). Although most of these things are actually common and relatively easy to come by when you are an American, â€Å"21 percent feel the American dream is an antiquated concept† (Kane). This statistic shows how peopleShow MoreRelatedArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1144 Words   |  5 Pages Arthur Miller: Death of a Salesman Life for many in America are missing the same elements that â€Å"Death of a Salesman† exposed. Those element are love and direction. Many people face these struggles at some point in their life, but don’t know what to do to progress. Arthur Miller devised a style whereby he could show how your past can continuously impact on your future. Each character highlights the powerlessness of a dream to give meaning and control to human life. I disagree with someRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1027 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Tragic Heroism of Biff Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller This literary study will define the tragic heroism of Biff Loman in Arthur Miller’s play The Death of a Salesman. Biff is initially a victim of Willy’s continual harassment to make more money and find a better career. In this family unit, Biff must endure the unrealistic and fantasy-based elusions of his father in his fanatical pursuit of the American Dream. However, Biff soon learns of Willy’s extra-marital betrayalRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1061 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Death of A Salesman,† Arthur Miller takes a view about the usually positive value people put on success. By examining Willy’s downfall, we can see Miller is arguing how the fallacy of success crafts the amiss dreams. Miller displays how the constant mania to maintain the image of success destroys the concept of American Dream for ordinary people like Willy. Miller portrays Willy as a hard-working exhausted man, â€Å"I’m tired to the death† (1557). Willy expends enormous amounts of time and energyRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1039 Words   |  5 Pages The play Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, is about an old salesperson who returns early from a business trip. After crashing multiple times, he realizes he should stop driving. The other book, Oedipus the King narrates the story of Oedipus. He was a man who became the king of Thebes, while unwittingly fulfilling a prophecy that he would murder his father, Laius, and marry his mother, Jocasta. The above characteristics of tragedy are well highlighted. In the play Death of a Salesman, one flowRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman And The Crucible2615 Words   |  11 Pagesand conflicts have been a constant. As individual people and as a world, there have never been perfect times. Arthur Miller’s writing style focuses on how his characters deal with external and internal problems and how their reactions to these problems reflect their characterization. Arthur Miller uses external conflict, internal conflict, and indirect characterization, in Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, to show how ideas of society do not always agree with the ideas and beliefs of others whichRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1159 Words   |  5 Pagesmarriage, or through one’s own self. Willy Loman, a delusional salesman, in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman; Minnie Wright, an unhappy and lonely housewife, in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles; and Oedipus, a king with excessive pride and determination, in Sophoclesâ €™ Oedipus the King illustrate how people lose their identities over the course of time. Society can cause the loss of a person’s identity, as Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman depicts the American dream as society’s view of success. The AmericanRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1326 Words   |  6 PagesAs though to recreate the connection in life, literature often shows the relationship between past events and a character’s present actions and values. In Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Willy is haunted by memories of his older brother, father, and salesman Dave Singleman. Willy’s character and values are constantly influenced by the memory of the three men, compounding upon his deliria throughout the play. Willy considers these men the epitome of success, thus explaining his dependency onRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman2019 Words   |  9 Pagespersonal growth and forming realistic, healthy relationships. Both Judith Guest and Arthur Miller use their respective literary works ‘Ordinary Peopl e’ and ‘Death of a Salesman’ to illustrate that not addressing who we are as individuals and remaining unaware of reality will only lead to unhappiness, dysfunction, and eventual tragedy. The main character and the driving force behind the action of ‘Death of a Salesman’ Willy Loman is both unaware of reality and ignorant to his own need to find himselfRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman910 Words   |  4 PagesGuilty Conscience â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by American playwright Arthur Miller is a drama that resonates with the majority of viewers and readers of the play. Miller eloquently illustrates the drama and complex dynamics of the Loman family. The Loman’s consist of Willy and Linda Loman as well as their two sons Biff and Happy. Specifically, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† focusses on Willy and his oldest son Biff. Willy, now an old man has deteriorated into a miserable and senile man. Willy Loman’s characterRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Irving 247). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and the

Competition and Markets Module 5 SLP - 800 Words

Competition and Markets Module 5 SLP Name: Institution: Competition and Markets Module 5 SLP The firm to be addressed in this case is Travelodge. It is a franchise firm which was founded by Scott king in the year 1939 and later began franchising in the year 1966. It offers exceptionally high quality products and services. In addition to its services, it is committed in its work, enabling it to acquire world-class attention and everybody interested to know more about it and also experience its services and products. Travelodge has grown at a very alarming rate, and it is in this view that we are interested to know more about it. There are several market structures known. They include monopoly, monopolistic competition and†¦show more content†¦The firm is to operate in a monopoly market structure; that is being the only seller of the services and products, presence of small firms trying to rise may to some extent contribute a great deal of threat to the company (Mithani, 2010). Emergence of these small firms may come up with policies that may to some extent attract some customers who in the long run would defect from Travelodge. Every customer is very important, and loss of one would mean that all could also leave. It is with this respect that the firm should ensure that the policies they enact and the prices of goods and services that they offer should be favorable and more comfortable for its clients. The absence of this will make the clients have a negative view of the firm (Reis Farole, 2012). Moreover, once a small firm emerges the consumer will prefer services from the emerging firm. In the long run, it will make Travelodge to incur losses. As a result, the whole market structure will change resulting in a competitive market structure. The consideration of a number of factors enables Travelodge to increase its market power. The firm should consider advertising its products and services so as to raise awareness to the public. Advertising occurs through several channels such as through media, use of billboards, setting up a good marketing and sales department and also through sponsorship of community based activities. The improvement of the quality and services of the products attracts moreShow MoreRelatedStrategy Implementation of General Motors638 Words   |  3 PagesStrategy Implementation Module 5 SLP [Pick the date] Student Name GM was founded in 1908, more than 104 years ago. Since then up till 2005, GM has been a trademark of success. With the largest dealer network across the globe, and distributed production structure, it has access to practically every region of the world. All these are the attributes of the company which can be called us a world leader. However, the amazing fact here is GM filed for bankruptcy in 2009 and was later on acquiredRead MoreHuman Resource Management1748 Words   |  7 PagesModule 1 – CASE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGES AND CHANGES Case Assignment In today’s job market we see many human resource management changes and challenges evolving with the changes in a competitive market environment. One goal of the human resource department is to hire employees that will be as productive as possible, which in turn leads to more revenue and the success of an organization. In healthcare we see even more challenges; making sure there is enough staff members to care forRead Moreteam work2014 Words   |  9 PagesModule 1 Assignment 1 July 15, 2009 Topic: Performance Management Overview Welcome to Module 1 of the Strategic Leadership Program (SLP)! If you have not already done so, read the Program Manual located in the Reference Material Section of the SLP home page. It provides you with important introductory information about the SLP. Module 1 focuses on performance management, performance measurement, risk management and governance, and financial reporting. Many of these task-related functions assistRead MoreMGT 599 SLP 3 Internal Analysis Kraft Foods Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ TUI UNIVERSITY Module 3 SLP MGT 599 Strategic Management Dr. Nanette Metz Business Dictionary defines internal analysis as â€Å"a review of an organization’s strengths and weaknesses that focus on those factors within its domain† (2014). Conducting an internal analysis allows organizations to adapt and change the way they conduct business in order to remain competitive. Internal analysis obtains information from financials, operational and marketing departmentsRead MoreTransforming Total Sales into Net Profits51271 Words   |  206 PagesPrinted and bound in the U.S.A. Printed on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kendall, Gerald I. Viable vision : transforming total sales into net profits / by Gerald I. Kendall. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-932159-38-X (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Sales management. 2. Marketing—Management. 3. Corporate profits. 4. Corporations—Growth—Management. 5. Organizational effectiveness. I. Title. HF5438.4.K46 2004 658—dc22 2004018021

Organizational Behaviour Employee Case Study

Question: Describe about the case study for Organizational Behaviour of Employee. Answer: Executive Summary This report is based on a case study which dwells upon the classical issues faced in an organization by a new employee and the different ways an organization reacts to the different problems faced by them. The case study illustrates diverse aspects of employee behavior and attitude with reference to their reactions to particular situations that occur in workplace. There are numerous stakeholders in the situation given wherein the different participants come from a diverse background with varied expectations from their colleagues, subordinates and superiors. The issues that are presented in the case relate to emotional intelligence, attitude and behavior of people in an organization at different hierarchy. People behave differently with the new employee and finally she is left in despondency and confusion. The attitudes of different stakeholders can be evaluated from a cognitive, affective and conative perspective to understand the underlying reason for such behavior so that correctiv e measures can be taken at organizational level. This report critically evaluates every aspect of the employee behavior, identifies the issues which lead to an unhealthy environment at workplace and finally try to recommend certain improvements. At last it is justified to mention that the report makes an attempt to develop a framework for analyzing such workplace aberrations due to emotional conflicts among employees and such frameworks can be used for analysis of other similar workplace related issues. Situation Analysis: The case deals with the event of a new graduate named Barbara from a BMS college joining an organization and the different situations she had to face because of various reasons ranging from tantrums of the boss to disappointment in the expected role that was being offered. The case starts by stating that Barbara attended an interview with Matalvi Engineering, which was into manufacturing dairy equipment, for the post of assistant cost accountant. Although she was quite surprised at getting the job offer and was confused about joining or not but finally she joined. Then after joining she was surprised to understand the internal situation of the company wherein there was no vacancy in the accounting department and was put in management information system (MIS) section which was also a part of the accounting department in the company. After starting work at the organization she found that the job was not challenging enough to render her any job satisfaction. The work was mostly related to collecting and organizing documents related to financial information which she had not signed up for since she was over-qualified for that job. Then after a few days of work she was given the offer to attend a management workshop in Auckland by the chief accountant Bob who was not her immediate boss. Barbaras immediate superior was Peter who was away from work when the opportunity to attend the workshop had arrived and she went on to Auckland without informing her boss. Later when she came back her boss, Peter was furious about the event that she had gone for the workshop without his permission. She was quite depressed by the entire course of things since before going for the tour she was assured by the Chief accountant, Bob that he will talk to Peter and handle the situation (Kraut, 1979). To her surprise everything was quite different from what she had expected and Peter was accusing her of delinquency at work and ordered her colleagues to not talk or spend time with her as she needed to catch up on the work piled up. This entire episode created a sense of despondency and disappointment in the mind of Barbara from her first job and was expecting a better treatment. However she bumped into Vernon one day who was the chief cost accountant and asked her about her miserable demeanor. She opened up to him and he assured of quick review of the entire situation with top management. However, nothing of that happened and the situation worsened as Barbara gave an application for change of department as advised by Vernon. Peter was furious about the application and threatened to finish her career in that company (DELLVE and WIKSTR M, 2009). Problem And Issue Identification: The entire scheme had several issues and problems from the beginning. Barbara who was a high achiever in her college did not analyze the company background and the role that was being offered to her. She joined the organization in spite of considerable doubt in her mind about the job and the company as a whole (Tanguy, 2012). From the companys point of view the chief accountant Bob should have properly evaluated the vacancies that were available in the organization before proceeding with any job offer. Since Barbara was a high achiever in college it was evident that she would be expecting a challenging job at the workplace and putting her in a clerical role of data collection and reporting was completely against the basic principle of job-fit analysis (Brody, 2004). Then moving on to the second and primary issue faced by Barbara was the tour for a management workshop. Every organization has a well-defined hierarchy and one needs to follow the defined communication channels. It was wrong on the part of chief accountant Bob to completely bypass Barbaras immediate superior who was Peter and contacting her for attending the management workshop. Peter should have been consulted before approaching Barbara with the workshop offer. Barbara cannot be blamed for this since she must not be aware of the entire process of communication followed in the company but it has to be mentioned that Barbara should have dropped a message or e-mail for her boss although he was away. This would have covered her back even if Bob did not contact Peter which he had assured to do. Then the most important issue lies with the person Peter who over-reacted and created a mess of the entire situation for the company and the new employee Barbara as well. He had reasons for being offended but he did not behave in a professional way and also did not display any managerial skill to handle the situation (Faber, 2001). The way he reacted to Barbaras tour was completely unwarranted and should have understood that Barbara must not know about the entire process as she was new to the company. They he threatened and maligned her intentions at work with instructions to her colleagues not to interact with her or help her out in any way were completely unprofessional and boorish behavior. He should have sat with Barbara and explained her proper communication channel so that she understands and does not repeat the same behavior again (TOYOTA, 2011). His actions led Barbara to seek help from Vernon and ask for a change of department. Bobs role is also quite contentious since from the beginning he is making false commitments. He promised to give a role of assistant cost accountant to Barbara which was not to be the case and also at every step he promised to handle the situ ation but failed to do so. Finally when he was approached by Vernon also he was not able to put forward the issue in front of the senior management. Overall it can be seen that the organization had made several flaws regarding the management workshop tour intimation and also the job assigned to the new employee (Duffy, 2010). Analysis And Evaluation: The entire situation has been messed up because of the personal attitudes and behaviors of different stakeholders. Before proceeding with further analysis it should be mentioned that the three managerial persons in the organization were of different behavior, while Bob and Vernon were amicable and friendly to their subordinates or colleagues, Peter was particularly infamous because of his attitude towards other employees. Bob was seen as a soft person that is evident from his behavior as every time he was committing something and was not able to fulfil it. He was in a top position and walking the talk was an essential attribute which people would expect from him (Randolph, 2016). It would in turn instill faith and confidence among his subordinates. This is because of the emotional quotient of Bob which was a of a compliant type attitude and was not ready to take up issues with his colleagues which was hurting his organization. Peter was aggressive in his attitude and suffered from a sense of inferiority or insecurity which had driven him to over-react with Barbara. This type of attitude is detrimental for the workplace since one has to shoe team work and collaborative approach is necessary for success which was completely absent from his behavior (McCarthy, Reeves, and Turner, 2010). Moreover since he was in a managerial position Peter should have a more understanding and guiding attitude rather than abusive display of behaviors which resulted in adverse results with the new employee. Barbara being a new member was obviously anxious about the entire episode and showed signs of cognitive attitude which is expected. She also displayed spontaneity while responding to the tour offer and going for it. These are some of the attitudinal aspects of the different employees in the organization which shaped the entire scheme of things (Bartel et al., 2011). Conclusion And Recommendation: All the adversities that originated were a result of non-availability of standardized process for communication channels (Krivis, 2006). Firstly Barbara should been given an induction about the company process and methods for the different decisions she is expected to take during her stay at the company (Metcalf, 2005). Moreover there should have been avenues for escalating the problems faced by Barbara and Peter needed counselling about the entire issue since he was over-reacting. Company should intervene with the behavioral aspects of the employees through seminar workshops, one-to-one sessions and counselling so that they are sensitized about similar events and do not take rash decisions. If proper counselling and standardized processes are established in the organization then these kinds of conflicts can be avoided with ease. References Bartel, A.P., Freeman, R.B., Ichniowski, C. and Kleiner, M.M. (2011) Can a workplace have an attitude problem? Workplace effects on employee attitudes and organizational performance,Labour Economics, 18(4), pp. 411423. Doi: 10.1016/j.labeco.2011.01.008. Brody, N. (2004) Emotional intelligence: Science and myth,Intelligence, 32(1), pp. 109111. Doi: 10.1016/s0160-2896(03)00059-x. DELLVE, L. and WIKSTR MEWA (2009) Managing complex workplace stress in health care organizations: Leaders perceived legitimacy conflicts,Journal of Nursing Management, 17(8), pp. 931941. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.00996.x. Duffy, J. (2010) Empathy, neutrality and emotional intelligence: A balancing act for the emotional Einstein,QUT Law Review, 10(1), pp. 321342. Doi: 10.5204/qutlr.v10i1.9. Faber, B.D. (2001) Gen/ethics? Organizational ethics and student and instructor conflicts in workplace training,Technical Communication Quarterly, 10(3), pp. 291318. Doi: 10.1207/s15427625tcq1003_4. Kraut, A.I. (1979) The pitfalls and potentials of employee-attitude surveys,PsycCRITIQUES, 24(11), pp. 531543. Doi: 10.1037/017738. Krivis, J. (2006) Can we call a truce? Ten tips for negotiating workplace conflicts,Employment Relations Today, 33(3), pp. 3135. Doi: 10.1002/ert.20115. McCarthy, D., Reeves, E. and Turner, T. (2010) Can employee share ownership improve employee attitudes and behaviour?,Employee Relations, 32(4), pp. 382395. Doi: 10.1108/01425451011051604. Metcalf, D. (2005) Workplace governance and performance,Employee Relations, 17(6), pp. 524. Doi: 10.1108/01425459510147516. Randolph, S.A. (2016) The importance of employee breaks,Workplace Health Safety, 64(7), pp. 344344. Doi: 10.1177/2165079916653416. Tanguy, J. (2012) Collective and individual conflicts in the workplace: Evidence from France,Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 52(1), pp. 102133. Doi: 10.1111/irel.12013. TOYOTA, H. (2011) Individual differences in emotional intelligence and incidental memory of words1,Japanese Psychological Research, 53(3), pp. 213220. Doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2011.00467.x.